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Philosophical Manuscripts
David Lewis (1941-2001) was a celebrated and influential figure in analytic philosophy.When Lewis died, he left behind a large body of unpublished notes, manuscripts, and letters.This volume contains two longer manuscripts which Lewis had originally intended to turn into books, and thirty-one shorter items.The longer manuscripts are 'The Paradoxes of Time Travel', his David Gavin Young Lectures at the University of Adelaide, and 'Confirmation Theory', which is based on a graduate course on probability and logic that he gave at UCLA.Lewis's described his purposes in 'The Paradoxes of Time Travel' as being, `(1) to solve a philosophical problem hitherto largely ignored or casually mis-solved by philosophers […]; (2) to introduce the layman to various topics in metaphysics, since our problem turns out to connect with many more familiar ones; and (3) to show of several of my favorite doctrines and methods in metaphysics'.By contrast, 'Confirmation Theory' is a technical work in which Lewis aimed to present in a unified fashion what he considered to be the best from competing theories of confirmation.Lewis described the work as 'Mathematically self-contained, with proofs for the major theorems; but the mathematics is kept down to hairy high-school algebra'.The thirty-one shorter items cover such topics as causation, freedom of the will, probability, counterparts, reference, logic, value, and divine evil.They are included here both for their intrinsic philosophical interest and their historical value.This volume also contains an intellectual biography of the young David Lewis by the editors.
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Philosophical Essays
First published in 1910, Philosophical Essays is one of Bertrand Russell’s earliest works and marks an important period in the evolution of thought of one of the world’s most influential thinkers.This selection of seven essays displays Russell's incisiveness and brilliance of exposition in the examination of ethical subjects and the nature of truth.Insightful and highly accessible, these essays are as illuminating today as they were on first publication.
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Philosophical Posthumanism
The notion of ‘the human’ is in need of urgent redefinition.At a time of radical bio-technological developments, and in light of the political and environmental imperatives of our age, the term ‘posthuman’ provides an alternative. The philosophical landscape which has developed as a response to the crisis of the human, includes several movements, such as: Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Antihumanism and Object Oriented Ontology.This book explains the similarities and differences between these currents and offers a detailed examination of a number of topics that fall under the “posthuman” umbrella, including the anthropocene, artificial intelligence and the deconstruction of the human. Francesca Ferrando affords particular focus to Philosophical Posthumanism, defined as a philosophy of mediation which addresses the meaning of humanity not in separation, but in relation to technology and ecology.The posthuman shift thus emerges in the global call for social change, responsible science and multispecies coexistence.
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Being Philosophical
Everyone must become a philosopher. The alternate is to forego living a human life, or as D.Q. McInerny illustrates, to run while choosing to be hamstrung.But not all philosophizing is equal, and it requires discipline and systematic study.In "creative impatience with ignorance" and "an unswerving commitment to the truth," one can be confident he is at least moving in the right direction toward genuine philosophy. But most importantly, philosophy requires teachers.To philosophize is, after all, to be an eternal student, a person who even while instructing others relies on the guidance found in the 'fertile' human wisdom cultivated throughout the ages. And the most fecund of all philosophy, according to McInerny, is that contained in Aristotelian-Thomism.His concise and thorough defense of the philosophical life and its lodestar, Thomism, must be read as deliberately as it was written.For McInerny makes a bold claim: if one is truly serious about philosophizing, an encounter with the essentials of Thomism is fundamental and indicates a path for the human mind unlike anything other systems or traditions of thought can offer. This book begins with logic and is followed by introductions to the philosophy of nature, philosophical psychology, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, metaphysics and natural theology.It is a companion for students of all ages who have yet to spend quality time with Thomas Aquinas. And it is a real delight to do so in the company of McInerny, who in Being Ethical (2019) has already proven himself to be the affable and able teacher every thinking person longs to meet along the course of his search for truth.
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Philosophical sayings
Philosophical sayings are concise statements that convey deep and profound truths about life, existence, and human nature. They are often thought-provoking and can inspire contemplation and reflection. These sayings are typically attributed to famous philosophers or thinkers who have pondered the complexities of the world and distilled their insights into memorable phrases. Philosophical sayings can serve as guiding principles for individuals seeking wisdom and understanding in their own lives.
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'Philosophical Sayings'
"Philosophical Sayings" are short, thought-provoking statements that often convey deep wisdom or insight about life, morality, or the nature of reality. These sayings are typically attributed to famous philosophers or thinkers and are meant to inspire reflection and contemplation. They can serve as guiding principles or reminders of important truths, encouraging individuals to think critically and engage with complex ideas. Overall, "Philosophical Sayings" are a way to distill complex philosophical concepts into concise, memorable phrases that can have a profound impact on how we perceive the world.
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What is philosophical materialism?
Philosophical materialism is a belief system that posits that the only thing that truly exists is physical matter. It rejects the existence of any supernatural or spiritual entities, emphasizing that everything in the universe, including thoughts and consciousness, can be explained in terms of physical processes. Materialism is often associated with the scientific method and naturalistic explanations for phenomena, seeking to understand the world through empirical evidence and rational inquiry.
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What does philosophical mean?
Philosophical refers to the study or practice of philosophy, which involves the exploration of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It also pertains to a thoughtful and reflective approach to understanding the world and one's place in it. Being philosophical often involves deep contemplation, critical thinking, and a willingness to question assumptions and seek meaning and truth.
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Philosophical Dictionary
Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary, first published in 1764, is a series of short, radical essays - alphabetically arranged - that form a brilliant and bitter analysis of the social and religious conventions that then dominated eighteenth-century French thought.One of the masterpieces of the Enlightenment, this enormously influential work of sardonic wit - more a collection of essays arranged alphabetically, than a conventional dictionary - considers such diverse subjects as Abraham and Atheism, Faith and Freedom of Thought, Miracles and Moses.Repeatedly condemned by civil and religious authorities, Voltaire's work argues passionately for the cause of reason and justice, and criticizes Christian theology and contemporary attitudes towards war and society - and claims, as he regards the world around him: 'common sense is not so common'.
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Philosophical Explanations
In this highly original work, Robert Nozick develops new views on philosophy’s central topics and weaves them into a unified philosophical perspective.It is many years since a major work in English has ranged so widely over philosophy’s fundamental concerns: the identity of the self, knowledge and skepticism, free will, the question of why there is something rather than nothing, the foundations of ethics, the meaning of life. Writing in a distinctive and personal philosophical voice, Mr. Nozick presents a new mode of philosophizing. In place of the usual semi-coercive philosophical goals of proof, of forcing people to accept conclusions, this book seeks philosophical explanations and understanding, and thereby stays truer to the original motivations for being interested in philosophy. Combining new concepts, daring hypotheses, rigorous reasoning, and playful exploration, the book exemplifies how philosophy can be part of the humanities.
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Philosophical Investigations
Philosophical Investigations New editions of the Commentary on Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations from Wiley-Blackwell Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning, Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Part I: Essays G.P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning, Volume 1 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Part II: Exegesis §§1–184 G.P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity, Volume 2 of An Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations Essays and Exegesis of §§185–242 G.P. Baker and P. M. S. Hacker Second, extensively revised edition by P. M. S. Hacker Immediately upon its posthumous publication in 1953, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations was hailed as a masterpiece, and the ensuing years have confirmed this initial assessment.Today it is widely acknowledged to be the single most important philosophical work of the twentieth century.In this definitive new en face German-English edition, Wittgenstein experts Peter Hacker and Joachim Schulte have incorporated significant editorial changes to earlier editions of Philosophical Investigations in order to reflect more closely Wittgenstein’s original intentions.Notable revisions include the placement of Wittgenstein’s notes – Randbemerkungen – into their designated positions in the text, some corrections to the originally published German text, and the numbering of all the remarks in what was called Part 2 and is now named Philosophy of Psychology – A Fragment.Extensive modifications and corrections have also been made to G.E. M. Anscombe’s original English translation. Detailed editorial endnotes have been added to illuminate difficult translation decisions and to identify references and allusions in Wittgenstein’s original text.
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Philosophical Romanticism
Philosophical Romanticism is one of the first books to address the relationship between philosophy and romanticism, an area which is currently undergoing a major revival.This collection of specially-written articles by world-class philosophers explores the contribution of romantic thought to topics such as freedom, autonomy, and subjectivity; memory and imagination; pluralism and practical reasoning; modernism, scepticism and irony; art and ethics; and cosmology, time and technology. While the roots of romanticism are to be found in early German idealism, Philosophical Romanticism shows that it is not a purely European phenomenon: the development of romanticism can be traced through to North American philosophy in the era of Emerson and Dewey, and up to the current work of Stanley Cavell and Richard Rorty.The articles in this collection suggest that philosophical romanticism offers a compelling alternative to both the reductionist tendencies of the naturalism in 'analytic' philosophy, and deconstruction and other forms of scepticism found in 'continental' philosophy. This outstanding collection will be of interest to those studying philosophy, literature and nineteenth and twentieth century thought.
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What is philosophical wonder?
Philosophical wonder is a state of awe and curiosity that arises from contemplating the mysteries of existence, consciousness, and the universe. It involves a deep sense of amazement and a desire to understand the fundamental questions of life. Philosophical wonder can lead to a sense of humility and a recognition of the limitations of human knowledge, while also inspiring a sense of wonder and appreciation for the complexity and beauty of the world.
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What characterizes philosophical thinking?
Philosophical thinking is characterized by a deep and critical examination of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It involves a willingness to question assumptions, explore different perspectives, and engage in rigorous reasoning and analysis. Philosophical thinking also often involves a commitment to seeking truth and understanding, and a recognition of the complexity and ambiguity of many philosophical issues. Overall, philosophical thinking is characterized by a commitment to intellectual inquiry and a willingness to grapple with the big questions that shape our understanding of the world.
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What is philosophical anthropology exactly?
Philosophical anthropology is a branch of philosophy that seeks to understand the nature and essence of humanity. It explores questions about what it means to be human, the relationship between humans and the world, and the unique characteristics that define human existence. Philosophical anthropologists examine topics such as human consciousness, free will, morality, and the role of culture in shaping human identity. Overall, philosophical anthropology aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the human condition and our place in the world.
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How are philosophical texts translated?
Philosophical texts are translated by scholars and translators who are proficient in both the original language of the text and the language into which it is being translated. They carefully consider the nuances and cultural context of the original text in order to convey its meaning accurately in the translated version. Translators often consult with experts in the field to ensure that they capture the philosophical concepts and ideas accurately. Additionally, they may provide annotations or footnotes to explain cultural references or philosophical terms that may not have direct equivalents in the target language.
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